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lunes, 19 de marzo de 2012
miércoles, 7 de marzo de 2012
phisical factors affecting farming
| Climate: Temperature – a minimum temperature of 6°C is needed for crops to grow. The growing season is the number of months the temperature is over 6°C. Different crops need a different growing season, e.g. wheat needs 90 days. Rainfall – all crops and animals need water. | |
| Relief: Temperatures decrease by 1>°C every 160 metres vertical height. Uplands are more exposed to wind and rain. Steep slopes also cause thin soils and limit the use of machinery. Lowland areas are more easily farmed. | |
| Soils: Crops grow best on deep, fertile, free-draining soils, e.g. the brown earths found in lowland Britain. Less fertile soils prone to water logging are best used for pastoral farming | |
| Aspect: The direction a slope faces. South-facing slopes are best for growing crops. |
FARMING SYSTEMS
A farm is a system in that it has INPUTS, PROCESSES and OUTPUTS
INPUTS - these are things that go into the farm and may be split intoPhysical Inputs (e.g. amount of rain, soil) and Human Inputs (e.g. labour, money etc.)
PROCESSES - these are things which take place on the farm in order to convert the inputs to outputs (e.g. sowing, weeding, harvesting etc.)
OUTPUTS - these are the products from the farm (i.e. wheat, barley, cattle)
Depending on the type of farming e.g. arable/ pastoral, commerical / subsisitence, the type and amount of inputs, processes and outputs will vary.
A farm is a system in that it has INPUTS, PROCESSES and OUTPUTS
INPUTS - these are things that go into the farm and may be split intoPhysical Inputs (e.g. amount of rain, soil) and Human Inputs (e.g. labour, money etc.)
PROCESSES - these are things which take place on the farm in order to convert the inputs to outputs (e.g. sowing, weeding, harvesting etc.)
OUTPUTS - these are the products from the farm (i.e. wheat, barley, cattle)
Depending on the type of farming e.g. arable/ pastoral, commerical / subsisitence, the type and amount of inputs, processes and outputs will vary.
type of farming
In the Standard Grade Geography exam there are three types of farming you need to know about - arable, livestock and mixed.
- Arable farms are ones where the main way of making money is by growing crops
- Livestock farms are where animals are the important part of the farm
- Mixed farms are where animals and crops are both important to the farmer
gross domestic product of countries in the world
Countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) to values ofpurchasing power parity (PPP), the sum of all goods and services produced by a country ina year, in relation to purchasing power parity (PPP .) This is an economic indicatorintroduced in the early nineties by the International Monetary Fund in a realistic way to compare living standards across countries, taking into account the per capita gross domestic product in terms of cost of living in each country.
The PPP is one of the most appropriate for comparing living standards that the gross domestic product per capita, as it takes into account changes in prices. This indicatoreliminates money illusion linked to changes in exchange rates, so that an appreciation ordepreciation of a currency will not change the purchasing power parity of a country, since the inhabitants of this country receive their wages and make purchases in the same currency. Ie, allows the exchange rates between currencies are such as to allow a coin hasthe same purchasing power anywhere in the world.
rates
The PPP is one of the most appropriate for comparing living standards that the gross domestic product per capita, as it takes into account changes in prices. This indicatoreliminates money illusion linked to changes in exchange rates, so that an appreciation ordepreciation of a currency will not change the purchasing power parity of a country, since the inhabitants of this country receive their wages and make purchases in the same currency. Ie, allows the exchange rates between currencies are such as to allow a coin hasthe same purchasing power anywhere in the world.
rates
bar chart of income per capita of the countries E.U
This inequality is evident in the diagram. The first bar indicates the level of income percapita in 1820 and the second in 1998, according to estimates by Maddison. The numbers in brackets located above the second bar corresponds to the average annual growth rate of theregion (between 1820 and 1998).
Highlights three main elements:
* All regions were poor in 1820.
* All regions have experienced some economic progress.
* Today's rich regions experienced by far the greatest economic progress.
Highlights three main elements:
* All regions were poor in 1820.
* All regions have experienced some economic progress.
* Today's rich regions experienced by far the greatest economic progress.
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